Dijagnoza i klasifikacijski kriteriji Sjögrenovog sindroma
Authors:
Ljiljana Smiljanić Tomičević, Krešimir Rukavina, Branimir Anić, Miroslav Mayer
Summary
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology that manifests with various clinical manifestations. It is characterized by dense lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands which leads to functional impairment. Involvement of the salivary and lacrimal glands, and the consequent dryness of the eyes and mouth, are among the most common clinical manifestations of the disease. SS may occur as a primary disease or secondary to another organ-specific autoimmune disease or overlap with other rheumatic conditions. The disease is named after the Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren. The diagnosis of SS is made based on clinical and laboratory indicators and objective findings of involvement of the salivary glands and lacrimal glands. In clinical practice, classification criteria often help in making a diagnosis, although they were initially developed and validated to standardize a cohort of patients for inclusion in the clinical trials and studies. Over the years, more than ten different classification criteria for SS have been proposed. In 1993, the first multicentric preliminary European classification criteria for SS were proposed. These criteria were subsequently revised by the American-European Consensus Group (AECG ) in 2002. In 2012, the new modified classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR ) for SS were published, which did not provide any significant diagnostic changes. The 2016 criteria of the ACR and the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR ) are currently used for the classification of the disease. A significant shift with the new criteria is that symptoms of dry eyes or mouth are not necessary for classification, and it is sufficient to have only one of the systemic manifestations of the disease.
Sažetak
Vol.: Reumatizam 2022;69(1):41–54